The absolute ban on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment (ill-treatment) enshrined in core United Nations human rights treaties is reflected at the EU level in the Charter of Fundamental Rights, which states that “no one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment”.1 The UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment requires each State Party to take effective measures to prevent torture and other ill-treatment and expressly stipulates that they must make complicity in torture a criminal offence.
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